The Rules of Noon Sakinah and Tanweenالنون الساكنة والتنوين
What you will learn
What is Noon Sakinah and Tanween?
النون الساكنة
The Noon Sakinah is a Noon free from any vowel, with Sukoon نْ. It appears in nouns, verbs, and particles, middle or end. Written and pronounced in continuity and when stopping.
التنوين
Tanween is extra Noon Sakinah at end of nouns. Not written, only pronounced, as double vowel: Fathatain ً, Kasratain ٍ, Dammatain ٌ.
1. Al-Izhar – الإظهار (Clear Pronunciation)
Izhar means to pronounce Noon Sakinah or Tanween clearly without Ghunnah when followed by throat letters. Letters: ء هـ ع ح غ خ – 6 letters.
Letters of Izhar – حروف الإظهار
حرف الهمزة – ء
AL-HAMZAHحرف الهاء – هـ
AL-HAAحرف العين – ع
AL-AINحرف الحاء – ح
AL-HAحرف الغين – غ
AL-GHAINحرف الخاء – خ
AL-KHAA2. Al-Idgham – الإدغام (Merging)
Idgham merges Noon Sakinah or Tanween into يَرْمُلُون. With Ghunnah: ي ن م و – Without: ل ر. Ordered as ي، ن، م، و، ل، ر.
Idgham with Ghunnah – إدغام بغنة (ي، ن، م، و)
Ghunnah 2 counts – Yanmu – يَنْمُو
ي – Yaa
With Ghunnah – بغنةن – Noon
With Ghunnah – بغنةم – Meem
With Ghunnah – بغنةو – Waw
With Ghunnah – بغنةIdgham without Ghunnah – إدغام بغير غنة (ل، ر)
Complete merging, no Ghunnah
ل – Laam
Without Ghunnah – بغير غنةر – Raa
Without Ghunnah – بغير غنة3. Al-Iqlab – الإقلاب (Conversion)
Iqlab converts Noon or Tanween into hidden Meem before ب with Ghunnah.
Letter ب only – Noon in one word, two words, Tanween
حرف الباء – ب
4. Al-Ikhfa – الإخفاء (Hiding)
Ikhfa hides Noon Sakinah or Tanween with 15 letters, with Ghunnah 2 counts.
Letters of Ikhfa – 15 Letters
صِفْ ذَا ثَنَا كَمْ جَادَ شَخْصٌ قَدْ سَمَا • دُمْ طَيِّبًا زِدْ فِي تُقًى ضَعْ ظَالِمَا
ص ذ ث ج ش ق س د ط ز ف ت ض ظ ك – Ordered as per Tajweed
Per letter – Noon + Tanween – Order: ص ذ ث ج ش ق س د ط ز ف ت ض ظ ك
ص – Saad
IKHFAذ – Dhaal
IKHFAث – Thaa
IKHFAج – Jeem
IKHFAش – Sheen
IKHFAق – Qaaf
IKHFAس – Seen
IKHFAد – Daal
IKHFAط – Taa'
IKHFAز – Zay
IKHFAف – Faa
IKHFAت – Taa
IKHFAض – Daad
IKHFAظ – Dhaa
IKHFAك – Kaaf
IKHFAQuick Reference Table
Idgham with Ghunnah (ي ن م و) first, then without (ل ر) – Ikhfa ص ذ ث ج ش ق س د ط ز ف ت ض ظ ك
| Rule | Letters | Action | Ghunnah |
|---|---|---|---|
| Izhar | ء هـ ع ح غ خ | Clear | No |
| Idgham with Ghunnah | ي ن م و | Merge | Yes 2 |
| Idgham without Ghunnah | ل ر | Complete Merge | No |
| Iqlab | ب | Noon → Meem | Yes 2 |
| Ikhfa | 15 letters | Hide | Yes 2 |